| Zirconium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,10,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d2 5s2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 3F2 |
| Atomic Volume | 14.1 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.33 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.66 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.514 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 3800 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 598 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 23 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 566.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.36 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 22.6 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 5.7 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 650 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 5.0 |
| Vickers hardness | 903 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Poisson ratio | 0.34 |
| Shear modulus | 33 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 68 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 4.2 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0236 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.8509 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.05 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 80 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 6.84 | |
| 13.13 | |
| 22.99 | |
| Incompatibilities | Potassium nitrate (KNO3), oxidizers. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 15.7751 KeV | |
| 15.6909 KeV | |
| 17.6678 KeV | |
| 17.9663 KeV | |
| 17.6501 KeV | |
| 2.04236 KeV | |
| 2.0399 KeV | |
| 2.1244 KeV | |
| 2.2194 KeV | |
| 2.2014 KeV | |
| 2.1878 KeV | |
| 2.3027 KeV | |
| 1.876 KeV | |
| 1.7906 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 155 pm | |
| 206 pm | |
| 148 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 121 pm | |
| 160 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 4 | IV | 0.73 | 0.59 | R |
| V | 0.8 | 0.66 | C | |
| VI | 0.86 | 0.72 | R* | |
| VII | 0.92 | 0.78 | * | |
| VIII | 0.98 | 0.84 | * | |
| IX | 1.03 | 0.89 | ||
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Zr+4 | |
| Zr0, Zr+1, Zr+2, Zr+3 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 660 | |
| 1267 | |
| 2218 | |
| 3313 | |
| 7860 | |
| 9500 | |
| 11200 | |
| 13800 | |
| 15700 | |
| 17500 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 2639 | 2891 | 3197 | 3575 | 4053 | 4678 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Hexagonal close packed | |
![]() |
a = 323.2 pm |
| b = 323.2 pm | |
| c = 514.7 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |