| Palladium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,18,0 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 ![]() |
| Ground state | 1S0 |
| Atomic Volume | 8.9 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.20 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.57 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.992 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 3070 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 393.3 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 17.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 361.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.98 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 71.8 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 11.8 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 37.3 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 4.75 |
| Vickers hardness | 461 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 180 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.39 |
| Shear modulus | 44 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 121 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.0 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.095 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.985 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 5.12 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 33 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 8.34 | |
| 19.63 | |
| 32.93 | |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 21.1771 KeV | |
| 21.0201 KeV | |
| 23.8187 KeV | |
| 24.2957 KeV | |
| 23.7872 KeV | |
| 2.83861 KeV | |
| 2.83325 KeV | |
| 2.99022 KeV | |
| 3.17179 KeV | |
| 3.0706 KeV | |
| 3.0442 KeV | |
| 3.3287 KeV | |
| 3.5522 KeV | |
| 2.66 KeV | |
| 2.5 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 140 pm | |
| 169 pm | |
| 131 pm | |
| 163 pm | |
| 112 pm | |
| 137 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 1 | II | 0.73 | 0.59 | |
| 2 | IVSQ | 0.78 | 0.64 | |
| VI | 1 | 0.86 | ||
| 3 | VI | 0.9 | 0.76 | |
| 4 | VI | 0.755 | 0.615 | R |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Pd+2 | |
| Pd0, Pd+4 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 805 | |
| 1875 | |
| 3177 | |
| 4700 | |
| 6300 | |
| 8700 | |
| 10700 | |
| 12700 | |
| 15000 | |
| 17200 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1721 | 1897 | 2117 | 2395 | 2753 | 3234 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Cubic close packed | |
![]() |
a = 389.07 pm |
| b = 389.07 pm | |
| c = 389.07 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |