| Bromine | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,7 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 ![]() |
| Ground state | 2P°3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 23.5 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.96 |
| Magnetic ordering | Non-magnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.9 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.92 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 206 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 111.7 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 10.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 30.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 75.69 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.122 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | No data. |
| Critcal Temperature | 586 K (313°C) |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 7.8 x 1010 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | ? 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 2.9812 g Ah-1 |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | -7.35 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 11.814 | |
| 21.8 | |
| 36 | |
| Incompatibilities | Combustible organics (sawdust, wood, cotton, straw, etc.), oxidizable material, aqueous ammonia (NH3), hydrogen, acetylene, phosphorus, aluminium, titanium, mercury, potassium, other metals. |
Flammability |
|
Optical Properties |
|
| Refractive Index (gas) | 1.001132 |
Energy Levels |
|
| 11.9242 KeV | |
| 11.8776 KeV | |
| 13.2914 KeV | |
| 13.4671 KeV | |
| 13.2813 KeV | |
| 1.48043 KeV | |
| 1.48043 KeV | |
| 1.5259 KeV | |
| 1.598 KeV | |
| 1.596 KeV | |
| 1.339 KeV | |
| 1.295 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 115 pm | |
| 94 pm | |
| 114 pm | |
| 185 pm | |
| 110 pm | |
| No data. | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| -1 | VI | 1.82 | 1.96 | P |
| 3 | IVSQ | 0.73 | 0.59 | |
| 5 | IIIPY | 0.45 | 0.31 | |
| 7 | IV | 0.39 | 0.25 | |
| VI | 0.53 | 0.39 | A | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Br-1, Br+5 | |
| Br+1, Br+3, Br+4, Br+7 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 1139.9 | |
| 2104 | |
| 3500 | |
| 4560 | |
| 5760 | |
| 8550 | |
| 9940 | |
| 18600 | |
| 23900 | |
| 28100 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 366 | |
| 286 | |
| 234 | |
| 285 | |
| 193 | |
| 410 | |
| 310 | |
| 264 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 185 | 201 | 220 | 244 | 276 | 332 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Orthorhombic | |
![]() |
a = 672.65 pm |
| b = 464.51 pm | |
| c = 870.23 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |