| Silicon | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 3P0 |
| Atomic Volume | 12.1 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.90 |
| Magnetic ordering | Non-magnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.6 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -4.49 x 10-11 |
| Speed of sound | 8433 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 439.3 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 39.6 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 383.3 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 19.789 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 149 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 2.6 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Mohs hardness | 6.5 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 100 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 47 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | No data. |
| Electrical conductivity | 2.52 x 10-12 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.26197 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.52 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 144 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 8.151 | |
| 16.345 | |
| 33.492 | |
| Incompatibilities | Chlorine, fluorine, oxidizers, calcium, caesium carbide (Cs2C2), alkaline carbonates. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 1.73998 KeV | |
| 1.73938 KeV | |
| 1.83594 KeV | |
| 0.06 KeV | |
| 0.089 KeV | |
| 0.06 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 110 pm | |
| 111 pm | |
| 111 pm | |
| 210 pm | |
| 102 pm | |
| No data. | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 4 | IV | 0.4 | 0.26 | * |
| VI | 0.54 | 0.4 | R* | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Si+2, Si+4 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 786.5 | |
| 1577.1 | |
| 3231.4 | |
| 4355.5 | |
| 16091 | |
| 19784 | |
| 23786 | |
| 29252 | |
| 33876 | |
| 38732 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 326 | |
| 301 | |
| 486 | |
| 582 | |
| 391 | |
| 226 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1908 | 2102 | 2339 | 2636 | 3021 | 3537 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Diamond | |
![]() |
a = 543.09 pm |
| b = 543.09 pm | |
| c = 543.09 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |