| Reactions of Vanadium |
Reactions with water |
| The surface of vanadium metal is protected by an oxide layer and does not reacts with water under normal conditions. |
Reactions with air |
| Vanadium metal reacts with excess oxygen upon heating to form vanadium(V) oxide. |
4V(s) + 5O2(g) V2O5(s) |
Reactions with halogens |
| Vanadium reacts with fluorine upon warming to form vanadium(V) fluoride. |
2V(s) + 5F2(g) 2VF5(l) |
Reactions with bases |
| Vanadium metal is resistant to attack by molten alkalis. |
| Reduction Potentials | |
| Balanced half-reaction | E0 / V |
V3+ + e- V2+ |
-0.256 |
V3+ + e- V2+ |
-0.21 |
V2+ + 2e- V(s) |
-1.18 |
2VO43- + 10H+ + 4e- V2O3 + 5H2O
|
+1.238 |
VO43- + 6H+ + 2e- VO+ + 3H2O
|
+1.256 |
VO2+ + 2H+ + e- VO2+ + H2O
|
+1.00 |
V2O5 + 6H+ + 2e- 2VO2+ + 3H2O
|
+0.998 |
V2O4 + 4H+ + 2e- 2VO+ + 2H2O
|
+0.246 |
VO2+ + 2H+ + e- V3+ + H2O
|
+0.359 |
VO2+ + H+ + e- VOH2+ |
+0.164 |
VO2+ + e- VO+ |
-0.044 |
V2O3 + 6H+ + 2e- 2V2+ + 3H2O
|
+0.161 |
VO+ + 2H+ + e- V2+ + H2O
|
+0.126 |
VOH2+ + H+ + e- V2+ + H2O
|
-0.082 |
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e- VO2+ + 3H2O
|
+1.00 |
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e- VO2+ + 3H2O
|
+1.02 |
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e- VO2+ + 3H2O
|
+1.02 |