| Gold | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,32,18,1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 ![]() |
| Ground state | 2S1/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 10.2 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.54 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.8 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.55 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 2030 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 364 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 12.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 343.1 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.418 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 318 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 14.2 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 2450 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Vickers hardness | 216 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 220 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.44 |
| Shear modulus | 27 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 78 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 2.2 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.452 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 2.4496 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 5.1 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 51 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 9.225 | |
| 20.521 | |
Energy Levels |
|
| 68.8037 KeV | |
| 66.9895 KeV | |
| 77.984 KeV | |
| 78.0623 KeV | |
| 78.1222 KeV | |
| 9.7133 KeV | |
| 9.628 KeV | |
| 11.4423 KeV | |
| 11.5847 KeV | |
| 11.6078 KeV | |
| 11.2036 KeV | |
| 13.3817 KeV | |
| 13.7083 KeV | |
| 10.305 KeV | |
| 8.4928 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 135 pm | |
| 174 pm | |
| 144 pm | |
| 166 pm | |
| 123 pm | |
| 144 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 1 | VI | 1.51 | 1.37 | A |
| 3 | IVSQ | 0.82 | 0.68 | |
| VI | 0.99 | 0.85 | A | |
| 5 | VI | 0.71 | 0.57 | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Au+3 | |
| Au-1, Au0, Au+1, Au+2, Au+5, Au+7 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 890.1 | |
| 1980 | |
| 2900 | |
| 4200 | |
| 5600 | |
| 7000 | |
| 9300 | |
| 11000 | |
| 12800 | |
| 14800 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1646 | 1814 | 2021 | 2281 | 2620 | 3078 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Cubic close packed | |
![]() |
a = 407.82 pm |
| b = 407.82 pm | |
| c = 407.82 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |