| Thallium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,32,18,3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 ![]() |
| Ground state | 2°1/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 17.2 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.62 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -3 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -6.13 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 818 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 179.9 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 4.31 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 166.1 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.32 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 46.1 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 29.9 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 26.4 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 1.2 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 43 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.45 |
| Shear modulus | 2.8 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 8 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.5 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0617 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 7.625 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 3.84 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 9.6 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 6.108 | |
| 20.428 | |
| 29.829 | |
Energy Levels |
|
| 72.8715 KeV | |
| 70.8319 KeV | |
| 82.576 KeV | |
| 10.2685 KeV | |
| 10.1728 KeV | |
| 12.2133 KeV | |
| 12.2715 KeV | |
| 12.3875 KeV | |
| 11.9297 KeV | |
| 14.2915 KeV | |
| 14.62 KeV | |
| 10.99 KeV | |
| 8.9523 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 190 pm | |
| 156 pm | |
| 148 pm | |
| 196 pm | |
| 150 pm | |
| 170 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 1 | VI | 1.64 | 1.5 | R |
| VIII | 1.73 | 1.59 | R | |
| XII | 1.84 | 1.7 | RE | |
| 3 | IV | 0.89 | 0.75 | |
| VI | 1.025 | 0.885 | R | |
| VIII | 1.12 | 0.98 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Tl+1 | |
| Tl+3 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 589.3 | |
| 1971 | |
| 2878 | |
| 4900 | |
| 6100 | |
| 8300 | |
| 9500 | |
| 11300 | |
| 1400 | |
| 16000 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 185 | |
| 125 | |
| 375 | |
| 460 | |
| 368 | |
| 63 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 882 | 977 | 1097 | 1252 | 1461 | 1758 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Hexagonal close packed | |
![]() |
a = 345.66 pm |
| b = 345.66 pm | |
| c = 552.48 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |