| Calcium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,8,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 4s2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 1S0 |
| Atomic Volume | 29.9 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.00 |
| Magnetic ordering | Paramagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 3810 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 184 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 9.33 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 150.6 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.929 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 201 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 22.3 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 167 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 1.75 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 17 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.31 |
| Shear modulus | 7.4 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 20 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 3.4 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.298 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.7477 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 2.87 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 29 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 6.113 | |
| 11.871 | |
| 50.908 | |
| Incompatibilities | Water, oxidizers, acids, air, chlorine, chlorine tri-fluoride (ClF3), fluorine, oxygen, silicon, sulfur. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 3.69168 KeV | |
| 3.68809 KeV | |
| 4.0127 KeV | |
| 0.3413 KeV | |
| 0.3413 KeV | |
| 0.3449 KeV | |
| 0.306 KeV | |
| 0.302 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 180 pm | |
| 194 pm | |
| 174 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 133 pm | |
| 197 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | VI | 1.14 | 1 | |
| VII | 1.2 | 1.06 | * | |
| VIII | 1.26 | 1.12 | * | |
| IX | 1.32 | 1.18 | ||
| X | 1.37 | 1.23 | C | |
| XII | 1.48 | 1.34 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Ca+2 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 589.7 | |
| 1145 | |
| 4910 | |
| 6474 | |
| 8144 | |
| 10496 | |
| 12320 | |
| 14207 | |
| 18191 | |
| 20385 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 864 | 956 | 1071 | 1227 | 1443 | 1755 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Cubic close packed | |
![]() |
a = 558.84 pm |
| b = 558.84 pm | |
| c = 558.84 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |