| Sulfur | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,6 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p4 ![]() |
| Ground state | 3P2 |
| Atomic Volume | 15.5 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.58 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.99 x 10-10 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 278.7 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 1.23 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 9.62 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 22.75 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | (amorphous) 0.205 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | No data. |
| Critcal Temperature | 1314 K (1041°C) |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Mohs hardness | 2.0 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 2 x 1015 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 5 x 10-24 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.299 g Ah-1 |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 160 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 10.36 | |
| 23.33 | |
| 34.83 | |
Optical Properties |
|
| Refractive Index (gas) | 1.001111 |
Energy Levels |
|
| 2.30784 KeV | |
| 2.30664 KeV | |
| 2.46404 KeV | |
| 0.1486 KeV | |
| 0.149 KeV | |
| 0.1486 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 100 pm | |
| 88 pm | |
| 102 pm | |
| 180 pm | |
| 95 pm | |
| No data. | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| -1 | VI | 1.7 | 1.84 | P |
| 4 | VI | 0.51 | 0.37 | A |
| 6 | IV | 0.26 | 0.12 | * |
| VI | 0.43 | 0.29 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| S-2, S0, S+6 | |
| S-1, S+1, S+2, S+3, S+4, S+5 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 999.6 | |
| 2251 | |
| 3361 | |
| 4564 | |
| 7013 | |
| 8495 | |
| 27106 | |
| 31669 | |
| 36578 | |
| 43138 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 347 | |
| 272 | |
| 476 | |
| 265 | |
| 525 | |
| 328 | |
| 255 | |
| 226 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 375 | 408 | 449 | 508 | 591 | 717 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Orthorhombic | |
![]() |
a = 1043.7 pm |
| b = 1284.5 pm | |
| c = 2436.9 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |