| Lead | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,32,18,4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 3P0 |
| Atomic Volume | 18.17 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.33 |
| Magnetic ordering | Diamagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.5 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.11 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 1190 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 194.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 5.12 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 177.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.650 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 35.3 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 28.9 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 38.3 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 1.5 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 46 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.44 |
| Shear modulus | 5.6 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 16 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 2.1 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0481 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 3.865 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.25 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 24.2 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 7.416 | |
| 15.028 | |
| 31.943 | |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), acids. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 74.9694 KeV | |
| 72.8042 KeV | |
| 84.936 KeV | |
| 10.5515 KeV | |
| 10.4495 KeV | |
| 12.6137 KeV | |
| 12.6226 KeV | |
| 12.7921 KeV | |
| 12.3052 KeV | |
| 14.7644 KeV | |
| 15.0921 KeV | |
| 11.345 KeV | |
| 9.1853 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 180 pm | |
| 154 pm | |
| 147 pm | |
| 202 pm | |
| 137 pm | |
| No data. | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | IVPY | 1.12 | 0.98 | C |
| VI | 1.33 | 1.19 | ||
| VII | 1.37 | 1.23 | C | |
| VIII | 1.43 | 1.29 | C | |
| IX | 1.49 | 1.35 | C | |
| X | 1.54 | 1.4 | C | |
| XI | 1.59 | 1.45 | C | |
| XII | 1.63 | 1.49 | ||
| 4 | IV | 0.79 | 0.65 | E |
| V | 0.87 | 0.73 | E | |
| VI | 0.915 | 0.775 | R | |
| VIII | 1.08 | 0.94 | R | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Pb+2, Pb+4 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 715.5 | |
| 1450.4 | |
| 3081.5 | |
| 4083 | |
| 6640 | |
| 8100 | |
| 9100 | |
| 11800 | |
| 13700 | |
| 16700 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 180 | |
| 130 | |
| 398 | |
| 314 | |
| 244 | |
| 100 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 978 | 1088 | 1229 | 1412 | 1660 | 2027 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Cubic close packed | |
![]() |
a = 495.08 pm |
| b = 495.08 pm | |
| c = 495.08 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |