| Manganese | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,13,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 6S5/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 1.39 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.55 |
| Magnetic ordering | Non-magnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.21 x 10-7 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.6475 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 5150 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 280.3 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 14.4 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 220.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.32 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 7.81 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 21.7 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 196 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 6.0 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 120 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 198 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.60 x 10-6 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.00695 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.29282 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.1 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 220 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 7.435 | |
| 15.64 | |
| 33.667 | |
| Incompatibilities | Oxidizers. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 5.89875 KeV | |
| 5.88765 KeV | |
| 6.49045 KeV | |
| 0.6374 KeV | |
| 0.6374 KeV | |
| 0.6488 KeV | |
| 0.721 KeV | |
| 0.721 KeV | |
| 0.567 KeV | |
| 0.5549 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 140 pm | |
| 161 pm | |
| 139 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 103 pm | |
| 127 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | IV (High spin) | 0.8 | 0.66 | |
| V (High spin) | 0.89 | 0.75 | C | |
| VI (High spin) | 0.97 | 0.83 | R* | |
| VI (Low spin) | 0.81 | 0.67 | E | |
| VII (High spin) | 1.04 | 0.9 | C | |
| VIII | 1.1 | 0.96 | R | |
| 3 | V | 0.72 | 0.58 | |
| VI (High spin) | 0.785 | 0.645 | R* | |
| VI (Low spin) | 0.72 | 0.58 | R | |
| 4 | IV | 0.53 | 0.39 | R |
| VI | 0.67 | 0.53 | R* | |
| 5 | IV | 0.47 | 0.33 | R |
| 6 | IV | 0.395 | 0.255 | |
| 7 | IV | 0.39 | 0.25 | |
| VI | 0.6 | 0.46 | A | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Mn+2 | |
| Mn-3, Mn-2, Mn-1, Mn0, Mn+1, Mn+3, Mn+4, Mn+5, Mn+6, Mn+7 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 717.4 | |
| 1509.0 | |
| 3248.4 | |
| 4940 | |
| 6990 | |
| 9200 | |
| 11508 | |
| 18956 | |
| 21400 | |
| 23960 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1228 | 1347 | 1493 | 1691 | 1955 | 2333 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Cubic | |
![]() |
a = 891.25 pm |
| b = 891.25 pm | |
| c = 891.25 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |