| Tin | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,18,4 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 3P0 |
| Atomic Volume | 16.3 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.96 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -3.1 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.68 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 2730 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 301.3 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 7.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 296.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 27.112 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 66.8 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 22.0 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 51 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 1.5 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 58 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.36 |
| Shear modulus | 18 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 50 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.1 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0917 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.1071 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.42 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 83.5 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 7.344 | |
| 14.632 | |
| 30.502 | |
| Incompatibilities | Chlorine, turpentine, acids, alkalis. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 25.2713 KeV | |
| 25.044 KeV | |
| 28.486 KeV | |
| 29.1053 KeV | |
| 28.4392 KeV | |
| 3.44398 KeV | |
| 3.43542 KeV | |
| 3.6628 KeV | |
| 3.90486 KeV | |
| 3.7485 KeV | |
| 3.7073 KeV | |
| 4.13112 KeV | |
| 4.3764 KeV | |
| 3.271 KeV | |
| 3.0426 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 145 pm | |
| 145 pm | |
| 141 pm | |
| 217 pm | |
| 132 pm | |
| No data. | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 4 | IV | 0.69 | 0.55 | R |
| V | 0.76 | 0.62 | C | |
| VI | 0.83 | 0.69 | R* | |
| VII | 0.89 | 0.75 | ||
| VIII | 0.95 | 0.81 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Sn+2, Sn+4 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 708.6 | |
| 1411.8 | |
| 2943 | |
| 3930.2 | |
| 6974 | |
| 9900 | |
| 12200 | |
| 14600 | |
| 17000 | |
| 20600 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 314 | |
| 225 | |
| 557 | |
| 322 | |
| 315 | |
| 195 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1497 | 1657 | 1855 | 2107 | 2438 | 2893 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Tetragonal | |
![]() |
a = 583.18 pm |
| b = 583.18 pm | |
| c = 318.19 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |