| Gallium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,3 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 ![]() |
| Ground state | 2P°1/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 11.8 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.81 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -3 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.09 x 10-10 |
| Speed of sound | 2740 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 276.1 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 5.59 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 270.3 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.86 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 40.6 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | No data. |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 60 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 1.5 |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | No data. |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0678 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.8671 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.2 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 69.7 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 5.999 | |
| 20.51 | |
| 30.71 | |
Energy Levels |
|
| 9.25174 KeV | |
| 9.22482 KeV | |
| 10.2642 KeV | |
| 10.2589 KeV | |
| 1.09792 KeV | |
| 1.09792 KeV | |
| 1.1248 KeV | |
| 1.197 KeV | |
| 1.197 KeV | |
| 0.984 KeV | |
| 0.9598 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 130 pm | |
| 136 pm | |
| 126 pm | |
| 187 pm | |
| 121 pm | |
| 135 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | IV | 0.61 | 0.47 | * |
| V | 0.69 | 0.55 | ||
| VI | 0.76 | 0.62 | R* | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Ga+3 | |
| Ga+1, Ga+2 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 578.8 | |
| 1979 | |
| 2963 | |
| 6200 | |
| 8700 | |
| 11400 | |
| 14400 | |
| 17700 | |
| 22300 | |
| 26100 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1310 | 1448 | 1620 | 1838 | 2125 | 2518 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Orthorhombic | |
![]() |
a = 451.97 pm |
| b = 766.33 pm | |
| c = 452.6 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |