| Phosphorus | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,5 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 ![]() |
| Ground state | 4S°3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 17.02 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.19 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.13 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.5 x 10-10 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 314.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 2.51 (white) kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 51.9 (white) kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | (white) 23.824 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | (white) 0.236 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | No data. |
| Critcal Temperature | 994 K (721°C) |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 11 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | No data. |
| Electrical conductivity | 1 x 10-17 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.23113 g Ah-1 |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 190 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 10.486 | |
| 19.725 | |
| 30.18 | |
| Incompatibilities | Air, oxidizers (including elemental sulfur and strong caustics), halogens. |
Flammability |
|
| 34°C (white) | |
Optical Properties |
|
| Refractive Index (gas) | 1.001212 |
Energy Levels |
|
| 2.0137 KeV | |
| 2.0127 KeV | |
| 2.1391 KeV | |
| 0.1 KeV | |
| 0.109 KeV | |
| 0.1 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 100 pm | |
| 98 pm | |
| 106 pm | |
| 180 pm | |
| 94 pm | |
| No data. | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 0.58 | 0.44 | A |
| 5 | IV | 0.31 | 0.17 | * |
| V | 0.43 | 0.29 | ||
| VI | 0.52 | 0.38 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| P+5 | |
| P-3, P-2, P0, P+2, P+3 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 1011.7 | |
| 1903.2 | |
| 2912 | |
| 4956 | |
| 6273 | |
| 21268 | |
| 25397 | |
| 29854 | |
| 35867 | |
| 40958 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 328 | |
| 407 | |
| 560 | |
| 490 | |
| 319 | |
| 209 | |
Vapour Pressure (white)
|
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 279 | 307 | 342 | 388 | 453 | 549 |
Vapour Pressure (red)
|
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 455 | 489 | 529 | 576 | 635 | 704 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Triclinic | |
![]() |
a = 1145 pm |
| b = 550.3 pm | |
| c = 1126.1 pm | |
| α = 71.840° | |
| β = 90.370° | |
| γ = 71.560° | |