| Scandium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d1 4s2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 2D3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 15 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.36 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 3.956 x 10-9 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 343 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 15.9 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 376.1 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.52 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 15.8 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 10.2 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 750 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 56.6 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.279 |
| Shear modulus | 29.1 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 74.4 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5.5 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0177 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.55914 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 3.5 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 58 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 6.54 | |
| 12.8 | |
| 24.76 | |
Energy Levels |
|
| 4.0906 KeV | |
| 4.0861 KeV | |
| 4.4605 KeV | |
| 0.3954 KeV | |
| 0.3954 KeV | |
| 0.3996 KeV | |
| 0.458 KeV | |
| 0.458 KeV | |
| 0.353 KeV | |
| 0.348 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 160 pm | |
| 184 pm | |
| 144 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 114 pm | |
| 162 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 0.885 | 0.745 | R* |
| VIII | 1.01 | 0.87 | R* | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Sc+2, Sc+3 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 631 | |
| 1235 | |
| 2389 | |
| 7089 | |
| 8844 | |
| 10720 | |
| 13320 | |
| 15310 | |
| 17369 | |
| 21740 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1645 | 1804 | (2006) | (2266) | (2613) | (3101) |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Hexagonal close packed | |
![]() |
a = 330.9 pm |
| b = 330.9 pm | |
| c = 527.33 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |