| Chromium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,13,1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s1 ![]() |
| Ground state | 7S3 |
| Atomic Volume | 7.23 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.66 |
| Magnetic ordering | Antiferromagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 4.45 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.314 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 5940 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 121.8 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 15.3 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 341.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 23.35 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 93.9 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 4.9 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 1120 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 8.5 |
| Vickers hardness | 1060 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 160 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.21 |
| Shear modulus | 115 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 279 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.27 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0774 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.32333 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.5 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 170 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 6.766 | |
| 16.5 | |
| 30.96 | |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizers (such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), alkalis. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 5.41472 KeV | |
| 5.405509 KeV | |
| 5.94671 KeV | |
| 0.5728 KeV | |
| 0.5728 KeV | |
| 0.5828 KeV | |
| 0.654 KeV | |
| 0.654 KeV | |
| 0.51 KeV | |
| 0.5 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 140 pm | |
| 166 pm | |
| 127 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 103 pm | |
| 128 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | VI (High spin) | 0.94 | 0.8 | R* |
| VI (Low spin) | 0.87 | 0.73 | E | |
| 3 | VI | 0.755 | 0.615 | R* |
| 4 | IV | 0.55 | 0.41 | |
| VI | 0.69 | 0.55 | R | |
| 5 | IV | 0.485 | 0.345 | R |
| VI | 0.63 | 0.49 | ER | |
| VIII | 0.71 | 0.57 | ||
| 6 | IV | 0.4 | 0.26 | |
| VI | 0.58 | 0.44 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Cr+3 | |
| Cr-2, Cr-1, Cr0, Cr+1, Cr+2, Cr+4, Cr+5, Cr+6 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 652.7 | |
| 1592 | |
| 2987 | |
| 4740 | |
| 6690 | |
| 8738 | |
| 15550 | |
| 17830 | |
| 20220 | |
| 23580 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1656 | 1807 | 1991 | 2223 | 2530 | 2942 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Body centred cubic | |
![]() |
a = 291 pm |
| b = 291 pm | |
| c = 291 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |