| Nickel | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,16,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d8 4s2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 3F4 |
| Atomic Volume | 6.59 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.91 |
| Magnetic ordering | Ferromagnetic |
| Speed of sound | 4900 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 422.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 17.6 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 374.8 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.07 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 90.9 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 13.4 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 700 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 4.0 |
| Vickers hardness | 638 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 180 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.31 |
| Shear modulus | 76 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 200 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 7 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.143 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.095 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 5.15 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 42 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 7.635 | |
| 18.168 | |
| 35.17 | |
| Incompatibilities | Strong acids, sulfur, selenium, wood (and other combustibles), nickel nitrate. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 7.47815 KeV | |
| 7.46089 KeV | |
| 8.26466 KeV | |
| 0.8515 KeV | |
| 0.8515 KeV | |
| 0.8688 KeV | |
| 0.941 KeV | |
| 0.941 KeV | |
| 0.762 KeV | |
| 0.743 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 135 pm | |
| 149 pm | |
| 121 pm | |
| 163 pm | |
| 101 pm | |
| 124 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | IV | 0.69 | 0.55 | |
| IVSQ | 0.63 | 0.49 | ||
| V | 0.77 | 0.69 | E | |
| VI | 0.83 | 0.69 | R* | |
| 3 | VI (High spin) | 0.74 | 0.6 | E |
| VI (Low spin) | 0.7 | 0.56 | R* | |
| 4 | VI (Low spin) | 0.62 | 0.48 | R |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Ni+2 | |
| Ni-1, Ni0, Ni+1, Ni+3, Ni+4, Ni+6 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 736.7 | |
| 1735.0 | |
| 3393 | |
| 5300 | |
| 7280 | |
| 10400 | |
| 12800 | |
| 15600 | |
| 18600 | |
| 21660 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1783 | 1950 | 2154 | 2410 | 2741 | 3184 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Cubic close packed | |
![]() |
a = 352.4 pm |
| b = 352.4 pm | |
| c = 352.4 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |