| Vanadium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,11,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 4F3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 8.78 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.63 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.28 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 3.199 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 4560 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 514.6 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 17.6 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 459.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 24.89 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 30.7 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 8.4 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 628 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 7.0 |
| Vickers hardness | 628 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 160 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.37 |
| Shear modulus | 47 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 128 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 2.0 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0489 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.38013 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.3 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 120 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 6.74 | |
| 14.65 | |
| 29.31 | |
| Incompatibilities | Strong oxidizers, ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 4.9522 KeV | |
| 4.94464 KeV | |
| 5.42729 KeV | |
| 0.5113 KeV | |
| 0.5113 KeV | |
| 0.5192 KeV | |
| 0.585 KeV | |
| 0.585 KeV | |
| 0.453 KeV | |
| 0.446 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 135 pm | |
| 171 pm | |
| 125 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 106 pm | |
| 134 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | VI | 0.93 | 0.79 | |
| 3 | VI | 0.78 | 0.64 | R* |
| 4 | V | 0.67 | 0.53 | |
| VI | 0.72 | 0.58 | R* | |
| VIII | 0.86 | 0.72 | E | |
| 5 | IV | 0.495 | 0.355 | R* |
| V | 0.6 | 0.46 | * | |
| VI | 0.68 | 0.54 | ||
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| V+3, V+4, V+5 | |
| V-3, V-1, V0, V+1, V+2 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 650 | |
| 1414 | |
| 2828 | |
| 4507 | |
| 6294 | |
| 12362 | |
| 14489 | |
| 16760 | |
| 19860 | |
| 22240 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 2101 | 2289 | 2523 | 2814 | 3187 | 3679 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Body centred cubic | |
![]() |
a = 303 pm |
| b = 303 pm | |
| c = 303 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |