| Bismuth | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,32,18,5 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 ![]() |
| Ground state | 4S°3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 21.3 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 2.02 |
| Magnetic ordering | Diamagnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.7 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | -3.6 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 1790 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 207.1 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 10.48 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 179.1 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.52 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 7.97 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 13.4 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 94.2 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 2.25 |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 31 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.33 |
| Shear modulus | 12 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 32 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.3 x 10-6 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.00867 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 2.599 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 4.22 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 41.9 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 7.289 | |
| 16.687 | |
| 25.559 | |
Energy Levels |
|
| 77.1079 KeV | |
| 74.8148 KeV | |
| 87.343 KeV | |
| 10.8388 KeV | |
| 10.73091 KeV | |
| 13.0235 KeV | |
| 12.9799 KeV | |
| 13.2067 KeV | |
| 12.6892 KeV | |
| 15.2477 KeV | |
| 15.5754 KeV | |
| 11.708 KeV | |
| 9.4203 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 160 pm | |
| 143 pm | |
| 146 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 135 pm | |
| No data. | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | V | 1.1 | 0.96 | C |
| VI | 1.17 | 1.03 | R* | |
| VIII | 1.31 | 1.17 | R | |
| 5 | VI | 0.9 | 0.76 | E |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Bi+3 | |
| Bi-3, Bi+1, Bi+4 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 703.2 | |
| 1610 | |
| 2466 | |
| 4372 | |
| 5400 | |
| 8520 | |
| 10300 | |
| 12300 | |
| 14300 | |
| 16300 | |
Covalent Bonds (kJ mol-1) |
|
| 194 | |
| 143 | |
| 339 | |
| 314 | |
| 285 | |
| 200 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 941 | 1041 | 1165 | 1325 | 1538 | 1835 |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Monoclinic | |
![]() |
a = 667.4 pm |
| b = 611.7 pm | |
| c = 330.4 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 110.33° | |
| γ = 90° | |