| Yttrium | |
| Electrons per shell | 2,8,18,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 ![]() |
| Ground state | 2D3/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 19.8 cm3 mol-1 |
| Electronegativity | 1.22 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.66 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.921 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 3300 m s-1 |
Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 418 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 17.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 367.4 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.54 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 17.2 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 10.6 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Critcal Temperature | No data. |
| Critcal Pressure | No data. |
| Adiabatic index | No data. |
Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 589 MPa |
Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 41.2 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.243 |
| Shear modulus | 35.6 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 63.5 GPa |
Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 5.6 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | 0.0166 106/cm Ω |
Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.1057 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 3.1 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 48 |
| Ionization Potential | |
| 6.38 | |
| 12.24 | |
| 20.52 | |
| Incompatibilities | Oxidizers. |
Flammability |
|
Energy Levels |
|
| 14.9584 KeV | |
| 14.8829 KeV | |
| 16.7378 KeV | |
| 17.011 KeV | |
| 16.723 KeV | |
| 1.92256 KeV | |
| 1.92047 KeV | |
| 1.99584 KeV | |
| 2.075 KeV | |
| 2.0725 KeV | |
| 2.06 KeV | |
| 2.144 KeV | |
| 1.761 KeV | |
| 1.6846 KeV | |
Atomic Radii |
|
| 180 pm | |
| 212 pm | |
| 162 pm | |
| No data. | |
| 124 pm | |
| 180 pm | |
Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 3 | VI | 1.04 | 0.9 | R* |
| VII | 1.1 | 0.96 | ||
| VIII | 1.159 | 1.019 | R* | |
| IX | 1.215 | 1.075 | R* | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
Oxidation States |
|
| Y+3 | |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1) ![]() |
|
| 616 | |
| 1181 | |
| 1980 | |
| 5963 | |
| 7430 | |
| 8970 | |
| 11200 | |
| 12400 | |
| 14137 | |
| 18400 | |
Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1883 | 2075 | (2320) | (2627) | (3036) | (3607) |
Crystal Structure |
|
| Hexagonal close packed | |
![]() |
a = 364.74 pm |
| b = 364.74 pm | |
| c = 573.06 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 120° | |